The destruction of frostbite is caused by two aspects: one is that body fluids freeze and destroy cells, and the other is that frostbite tissue impedes local blood circulation from causing blood stasis and eventually leads to large-scale tissue necrosis.
Frostbite in mountaineering or field activities occurs mostly when it is not noticed. Place where frostbite occurs is often due to blood vessels cold contraction, poor blood circulation and numbness. Experienced people will consciously move their toe fingers. After the numbness of their hands and feet, they will take immediate measures to warm up the numbness of the limbs. If necessary, they can put their hands and feet in the arms of their own and their companions. Hypoxia causes a decrease in the body's metabolic rate. Indeed, water thickens blood. Both of these speeds can make frostbite more likely to occur. Frostbite on the exposed skin can occur in less than a minute in the presence of wind, and the tissue in the frostbite is hardened by white (ischemia) or purplish red (bleeding). Companions often check each other. After severe frostbite has occurred (if there is no possibility of re-freezing), thawed frozen limbs with warm water from 40C to 43C. Restoring the blood circulation in the frostbite is the first goal of treatment. Slight frostbite can be treated with your feet in warm underwear. If you start to feel pain, it's a good sign. Note that the thawed tissue is sensitive and fragile. The thawed tissue is more likely to suffer from frostbite than it was when it was first frozen. Therefore, if the wounded needs to use the frosted foot to walk down or the frostbite is frozen, it may also freeze. , then do not thaw first.
Taking aspirin can help dilute the blood to promote circulation. The problem before seeing an experienced doctor after completing the first aid is mainly to prevent infection. Oral antibiotics do not easily reach the wound due to poor blood circulation. I do not know whether the doctors of Kashgar who Chen Junwu saw considered this question.
Many tissues after severe frostbite will not come back. It is very difficult to regenerate tissue without a good blood supply. In order to prevent the frostbite part from damaging the rest of the body, doctors often recommend only resection and amputation. I hope Chen Junwu is lucky!
People living in a cold environment develop a stress response to cold, increase blood supply to the epidermis in cold, and increase resistance to cold. Those who insist on winter swimming or cold showers have this experience. As the saying goes, "Spring and Autumn and Autumn Frozen" is also the reason. In addition, people who have grown up in a warm environment often do not have the basic cold habits and awareness. The northerners learned from the experience of snowball fights that they felt what they felt when they were frozen, what kind of warmth they felt and what kind of pain they felt when they were warm. They knew that when cold clothes were worn, there were temporary countermeasures. People who do not have a lot of cold environment experience often do not know that many locals are used to becoming natural when they first arrive in a cold environment. I don't know how much experience of temperature below zero has been used by Chen Junwu, but I noticed that people who have just come from the warm environment in the South have no concept of how to effectively dress in the winter.
In general, the score refers to the warmer and more, I'm used to wearing thin polypropylene inside the class does not absorb sweat gloves. It is useful when you need to dry your fingers for flexible activities. Coat gloves are attached to the neck with a cord attached. Looked stupid but not as stupid as a glove was blown by a gust of wind!
This is an important step in order to explain step by step in mountaineering and field activities. Many experiences are slowly accumulating. What kind of gloves and how to wear such a small thing will also bring a lifetime disability.
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